Manajemen Pajak Strategis Dan Peralihan Laba Melalui Transaksi Pihak Terkait: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33751/jmp.v14i1.134Keywords:
Strategic Tax Management, Profit Shifting, Related Party Transactions, Transfer Pricing, Multinational EnterprisesAbstract
STRATEGIC TAX MANAGEMENT AND PROFIT SHIFTING THROUGH RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study examines strategic tax management and profit shifting practices through related party transactions in the context of international taxation using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 60 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2026 were systematically analyzed following the PRISMA guidelines. The review focuses on key themes including the role of related party transactions in profit shifting, transfer pricing mechanisms, regulatory effectiveness, and challenges in tax administration. The findings indicate that multinational enterprises extensively utilize intra-group transactions to allocate profits across jurisdictions with lower tax burdens. While existing regulations such as transfer pricing guidelines aim to limit such practices, their effectiveness varies depending on institutional capacity and enforcement. This study contributes by providing a structured synthesis of the literature and offering insights for policymakers in strengthening international tax regulation and monitoring frameworks.
References
Abedin, S. H., Haque, H., Shahjahan, T., & Kabir, N. (2022). Institutional Ownership and Firm Performance : Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(567), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120567
Alghamdi, F. S., Eulaiwi, B., Hussein, S. S., Duong, L., & Taylor, G. (2024). Non-arm ’ s-length transactions , offshore financial centres , transfer pricing agreements and corporate cash holdings : Evidence from U . S . multinational corporations. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103589
Babatunde, Q. O., & Byun, Y. (2023). Soil Stabilization Using Zein Biopolymer. Sustainability, 15(20), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032075
Bae, C. S., & Chung, H. J. (2022). Zero-Leverage Puzzle Revisited : Evidence from Acquisition Behaviors. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10(62), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10030062
Balaskas, S., Nikolopoulos, T., Koutroumani, M., & Rigou, M. (2024). Determinants of Tax Avoidance Intentions in Tourism SMEs : The Mediating Role of Coercive Power , Digital Transformation , and the Moderating Effect of CSR. Sustainability, 16(9332), 1–30.
Batrancea, L. M., & Fetita, A. (2023). Empirical Research Study on the Determinants of Market Indicators for 41 Financial Institutions. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(78), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16020078
Bera, A. K., & Ghosh, A. (2022). Fractile Graphical Analysis in Finance : A New Perspective with Applications. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(412), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15090412
Bilicka, K., Clancey-Shang, D., & Qi, Y. (2024). Long-Term Orientation and Tax Avoidance Regulations. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(102), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030102
Boit, M., Dumiter, F. C., Loucanová, E., & Luminit, P. (2026). AI-Enabled Management of Transfer Pricing Documentation: A Sustainable Governance Framework Integrating Compliance, Digitalization, and CSRD Requirements. Sustainability, 18(25), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052528
Burinskien, A. (2023). Competition Prospects in Regulated Market of a Baltic Country. Economies, 11(52), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ economies11020052
Demer, P., Gramlich, J., & Nam, Y. (2025). Journal of Accounting and Public Policy Do U.S. multinationals use income shifting to facilitate and hide corruption ? Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 46(16), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107213
Dyason, D. (2022). Disasters and Investment : Assessing the Performance of the Underlying Economy Following a Large-Scale Stimulus in the Built Environment. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(263), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15060263
Elemes, A., Blaylock, B., & Spence, C. (2021). Accounting , Organizations and Society Tax-motivated pro fi t shifting in big 4 networks : Evidence from. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 95, 101267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2021.101267
Eulaiwi, B., Saeed, F., Al-hadi, A., Duong, L., & Taylor, G. (2024). U . S . multinational corporations ’ income shifting incentives and share repurchases : Evidence across differential taxation systems. Global Finance Journal, 60(April), 100966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.100966
Gauß, P., Kortenhaus, M., Riedel, N., & Simmler, M. (2024). Leveling the playing field : Constraints on multinational profit shifting and the performance of national firms. Journal of Public Economics, 234(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105116
Giannopoulos, V., Vlachakou, M., & Kariofyllas, S. (2025). Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidance : Evidence from Greek Service-Sector Firms. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(10), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18100538
Goerdt, G., & Eggert, W. (2022). Substitution across profit shifting methods and the impact on thin capitalization rules. International Tax and Public Finance, 29(3), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-021-09674-1
Guo, T., & Li, C. (2022). Remanufacturing Strategy under Cap-and-Trade Regulation in the Presence of Assimilation Effect. Sustainability, 14(28), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052878
Habib, A., Ranasinghe, D., & Perera, A. (2024). Strategic Deviation and Corporate Tax Avoidance: A Risk Management Perspective. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(14), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17040144
Hajjaj, M. A., Mkaddem, Z. B., & Es-saadi, H. (2026). Transfer Pricing and Macroeconomic Stability : A Multi-Country Analysis of European Economies. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 19(218), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm19030218
Issah, O., & Rodrigues, L. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness : A Scientometric Analysis of the Existing Literature to Map the Future. Sustainability, 13(62), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116225
Isteni, D., Bodík, I., Merisaar, M., Gajewska, M., Šereš, M., & Bulc, T. G. (2023). Challenges and Perspectives of Nature-Based Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Rural Areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Sustainability, 15(81), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108145
Kohlhase, S., & Wielhouwer, J. L. (2023). Tax and tariff planning through transfer prices : The role of the head of fi ce and business unit. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 75(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101568
Kumar, R., Pattnaik, D., Hassan, M. K., & Chandra, A. (2025). Research on related party transactions ( RPTs ): a systematic review and bibliometric analysis. International Review of Economics and Finance, 103(44), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104469
Laudage, S., Riedel, N., & Strohmaier, K. (2024). On the effects of anti-profit shifting regulations: A developing country. Journal of Public Economics, 235(105134), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105134
Li, Y., & Cheng, Y. (2024). A Risk Management Strategy under Transfer Pricing for Multi-National Supply Chain along the Belt and Road Initiative. Sustainability, 16(7), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177656
Mahouat, N., Azenzoul, A., Slimane, S. N., Es-sanoun, M., Mokhlis, K., & Jbene, M. (2026). Corporate Governance and Tax Aggressiveness: The Moderating Role of Audit Quality. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 19(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm19010010
Makoni, T. (2023). Assessing and Forecasting the Long-Term Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Manufacturing Sales in South Africa. Economies, 11(158), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11060158
Mansour, M. (2026). Institutional Quality, ESG Performance, and Aggressive Tax Planning in Developing Countries. Sustainability, 18(1126), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18021126
Mohammed, H., & Tangl, A. (2024). Taxation Perspectives : Analyzing the Factors behind Viewing Taxes as Punishment — A Comprehensive Study of Taxes as Service or Strain. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17010005
Montenegro, T. M. (2021). Tax Evasion, Corporate Social Responsibility and National Governance: A Country-Level Study. Sustainability, 13(11), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011166
Pavlou, C., Persakis, A., & Kolias, G. (2025). The Impact of Board Characteristics on Tax Avoidance: Do Industry Regulations Matter ? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18060287
Pratama, A., & Muhammad, K. (2025). Optimizing Tax Compliance : Understanding the Link Between Company Tax Administration and Tax Avoidance ( A Survey of Public Companies in Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore , and Thailand for the 2022 – 2023 Period ). Economies, 13(7), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13070194
Putri, V., Hadli, M., Mohamad, S., Zakaria, N. B., & Zifi, M. P. (2024). Tax Avoidance with Maqasid Syariah : Empirical Insights on Derivatives , Debt Shifting , Transfer Pricing , and Financial Distress. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17110519
Rachidi, M., & Moudden, A. El. (2025). Corporate Income Tax Differential and Subsidiaries’ Profitability in Morocco : Profit-Shifting Evidence from a Pseudo-Ordinary Least Squares Framework. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(4), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13040236
Roggeman, A., Aro-sati, L., & Verleyen, I. (2025). Compliance with base erosion and profit shifting action 13: Insights from tax consultants and tax officials. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 31(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2024.100267
Sandonis, J., & Yermukanova, B. (2024). Tax motivated vertical FDI and transfer pricing. Economic Modelling, 139(10), 1–18.
Saptono, P. B., Khozen, I., Mahmud, G., Hodži, S., & Pratiwi, I. (2024). Flourishing MSMEs : The Role of Innovation , Creative Compliance , and Tax Incentives. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(12), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17120532
Saptono, P. B., Mahmud, G., Salleh, F., Pratiwi, I., & Purwanto, D. (2024). Tax Complexity and Firm Tax Evasion: A Cross-Country Investigation. Economies, 12(97), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050097
Seifzadeh, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Management Ability on Firm Value and Tax Avoidance. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(53), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jrfm15110539 Academic
Sharaf, I. H., El-moslemany, R., Elswah, T., & Almutairi, A. (2026). Does Earning Management Matter for the Tax Avoidance and Investment Efficiency Nexus ? Evidence from an Emerging Market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 19(67), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm19010067
Sitkiewicz, M., & Bia, A. (2024). Pro fi t shifting to tax havens : Withholding tax impact on passive fl ows from Poland. Transnational Corporations Review Journal, 16(20), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tncr.2024.200059
Steens, B., Roques, T., Gonnet, S., Beuselinck, C., & Petutschnig, M. (2022). Journal of International Accounting , Auditing and Taxation Transfer pricing comparables : Preferring a close neighbor over a far-away peer ? q. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 47(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2022.100471
Tofan, M., & Bostan, I. (2022). Some Implications of the Development of E-Commerce on EU Tax Regulations. Laws, 11(13), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ laws11010013
Vito, A. De, Hillmann, L., Jacob, M., & Vossebürger, R. (2025). Do personal income taxes affect corporate tax-motivated profit shifting ? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 79(3), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2024.101758
Wulandari, T. R., Setiawan, D., & Widagdo, A. K. (2022). Related Party Transactions and Firm Value in Indonesia : Risks, 10(210), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks10110210
Zhao, L., Karaivanova, A., & Zhang, P. (2021). The Complementary Role of the WTO in the Enhancement of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project. World, 2(2), 267–294. https://doi.org/10.3390/world2020017










